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MBA专栏频道您所在的位置：>>2008年、2009年MBA英语模拟试题及答案

2008年、2009年MBA英语模拟试题及答案 SectionⅡVocabularyandStructure(__points)
Directions:Thereare__incompletesentencesinthis
section.Foreachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarked
A,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletes
the,gen-tence.Thenblackenthecorrespondingletteron
theANSWERSHEETIwithapen-cil.

__.Wheneverthegovernmentincreasespublicservices,
becausemoreworkersareneededtocarryoutthese
services.

A.employmenttoriseB.employmentrises
C.whichrisingemploymentD.theriseofemployment
__.NewYearsStatureofLibertywasdesignedtobea
beaconforshipsandamonument
A.aswellB.inadditionto
C.togetherD.thetwo
__.JimThorpe,Pennsylvania,atownintheeasternpart
ofthestate,wasnamed
oneofthegreatestAmericanathletes.
A.thehonorsB.forhonoredC.inhonorofD.tohonoring
__.Hisnewappointmenttakesfromthebeginningofnext
month.
A.placeB.effectC.postD.possession
__.Iwouldjustassoonyouthebookyesterday.
A.returningB.returnedC.wouldreturnD.hadreturned
__.Theyalwayskeptongoodwiththeirnext-door
neighborsforthechildrenssake.
A.friendshipB.relationsC.intentionsD.terms
__.Ifyouyourdemand,thenmaybeyouwillhavemore
chanceofgettingwhatyouwant.
A.conductB.dismissC.moderateD.overcome
__.Color-blindpeopleoftenfinditdifficulttobetween
blueandgreen.
A.distinctB.distinguishC.separateD.divide
__.Theforecastforthiseveningiswindandrain,the
outlookfortomorrowisfineandsunny.
A.outofhandB.oneveryhand
C.ontheotherhandD.onallhands
__.Thevillageisonly__byriver.
A.attainableB.availableC.accessibleD.obtainable
__.ItwasSmithwhocalledwhileIwasout.
A.nootherbutB.nootherthan
C.noonethanD.noneotherthan
__thesilkwormproducesafluidinternallyandthen
forcesitoutthroughtinyholesinitsbody.
A.ItmakessilkandB.Havingmadesilk
C.SilkismadebyD.Tomakesilk
__.arefedintoatape-recorder,theymagnetizethe
particlesonthetapeinvaryingpatterns.
A.WhenelectricwavesB.Electricwaves
C.ElectricwavesthatD.Becauseofelectricwaves
__.Amoebasaresmalltobeseenwithoutamicroscope.
A.fartooB.farandC.sofarD.asfaras
__.Thenectarineisafruit__likeapeach.
A.asB.muchC.andD.to
__kindsofdinosaursweredyingoutallthroughthe
AgeofReptilesistrue.
A.SomeB.SomewereC.WhensomeD.Thatsome
_________toblameforthemanytroublesyouhave
encountered.
A.ItisnotIwhoamB.ItisnotIthatis
C.ItisnotmewhoamD.Itisnotmethatis
__.Henoticedthehelicopterhoveringoverthefield.Then
tohisastonishment,hesawaropeladder_________out
andthreemenclimbingdownit.
A.throwingB.beingthrown
C.havingthrownD.havingbeenthrown
__.Thephysicisthasmadeadiscovery,____ofgreat
importancetotheprogressofsci-enceandtechnology.
A.IthinkwhichisB.thatIthinkis
C.whichIthinkisD.whichIthinkitis
__.Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,weso
formally.
A.neednothavedressedupB.mustnothavedressedup
C.didnotneedtodressupD.mustnotdressup

SectionⅢCloze(_points)
Directions:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowing
passage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.
ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWER
SHEET_.

Itisthefirmbeliefofastronomersthatthereareliving
creaturesonotherplanets.Itisalsotheirearnestwish
thatsomeday__maybemadewithsuchlivingcreaturesby
sendingmessagesintheformofradiosignals.The__of
communicatingwithpeopleonotherplan-etsmayoneday
come__sinceradiotelescopeshavenowbeeninvited.
Scientificprojectofvariouskindsarenowbeinglaunched
to__signalsortoreceivesig-nalsfromdistantplanets.
Thequestionnowarises:Whatsortofmessageshouldbe
sentsothatitcouldbeunderstood?Tosendamessagein
anylanguagewouldbeimpractical__itwouldcertainly
notbeintelligible.

Itistheopinionofscientiststhatasignalinthe__of
asimplearithmeticsequencemightbeunderstood.
Scientiststhinkthatpicturesmightalsobeunderstood,
soitwouldbeagoodideatosendpicturesofthepeople
__ourplanet.

Picturesofdomesticanimalstogetherwith__cropswe
raiseforourfoodmightalsobe__.Picturesofhouses
andbuildingsmightconveyfurtherinformationaboutour
lifeandsociety.

Astimegoeson,TVpicturesmightbesent,whichwould
furtheracquaintthebeingsonotherplanets__lifeand
thelevelofcivilizationonourplanet.

__.A.connectionB.touchC.contactD.relationship
__.A.imaginationB.dreamC.nightmareD.fancy
__.A.trueB.untrueC.impossibleD.possible
__.A.sendB.postC.deliverD.release
__.A.thenB.asC.andD.therefore
__.A.kindB.typeC.formD.category
__.A.settlingB.inhabitingC.existingD.establishing
__.A.viciousB.variousC.varyD.vision
__.A.transformedB.transmittedC.transferredD.
transplanted
__.A.onB.asC.withD.about

SectionⅣReadingComprehension(__points)

PartA
Directions:Thereare_passagesinthispart.Each
passageisfollowedbysomequestionsorun-finished
statements.Foreachofthemthereareforchoicesmarked
A,B,C,andD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceand
blackenthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET_whit
apencil.

Questions__to__arebasedonthefoUowingpassage:
Despiteacoolingoftheeconomy,hightechnology
companiesarestillcryingoutforskilledworkers.The
InformationTechnologyAssociationofAmericaprojects
thatmorethan___,___technologyjobswillgounfilled
nextyear.Thelackofqualifiedworkersposesahuge
threattotheU.S.economy.

Themostcommonlycitedreasonforthisstateofaffairs
isthatthecountrysagrarian-ageeducationsystem,
separatedfromtheneedsofthebusinessworld,failsto
preparestudentsintheprimaryandsecondarygradesfor
twenty-first-centurywork.Yetaninadequateandoutmod-ed
educationsystemisonlypartoftheproblem.Aless
tangiblebutequallypowerfulcauseisanantique
classificationsystemthatdividestheworkforceintotwo
camps:white-collarknowl-edgeworkersandblue-collar
manuallaborers.

Blue-collarworkersemergedintheUnitedStatesduring
theIndustrialAgeasworkmigra-tedfromfarmsto
factories.White-collarofficeworkersbecamea
significantclassinthetwenti-ethcentury,outnumbering
theirblue-collarbrethrenbymid-century.Butthewhite
orbluepar-adigmhasclearlyoutliveditsutility.
Corporationsincreasinglyrequireanewlayerofknowledge
worker:ahighlyskilledmulti-disciplinarianwhocombines
themindofthewhite-collarworkerwiththehandsofthe
blue-collaremployee.Armedwithasolidgroundingin
mathematicsandscience(physics,chemistry,and
biology),these“gold-collar”workers-sonamedfortheir
contributionstotheircompaniesandtotheeconomy,as
wellasfortheirpersonalearningabili-ty-applythat
knowledgetotechnology.Ofcourse,thegold-collarworker
alreadyexistsinawiderangeofjobsacrossawiderange
ofbusinesses:thinkofthemaintenancetechnicianwho
testsandrepairsaircraftsystemsatAmericanAirlines;
thenetworkadministratorwhomanagessystemsandnetwork
operationsatP&G;theadvanced-manufacturingtechnician
atIntel.

ButuntilAmericanbusinessrecognizesthesepeopleasa
newclassofworker,onewhosecollarisneitherbluenor
white,demandsthatschoolsdoabetterjobofpreparing
employeesforthetwenty-first-centuryworkforcewillbe
futile.

__.Accordingtothepassagethelackofqualifiedworkers
A.makesacoolingoftheeconomy.
B.decreasesthecostsofhightechnologycompanies.
C.emphasizestheimportanceofunfilledjobs.
D.hindersthedevelopmentofU.S.economy.

__.Fromthesecondparagraphwelearnthat
A.theworkforceclassificationisasseriousasthe
reasonofeducationsystem.
B.twenty-first-centuryworkareseparatedfromtheneeds
ofthebusinessworld.
C.white-collarworkerisonlypartoftheproblemof
educationsystem.
D.blue-collarmanuallaborersareneededinagrarian-aged
America.

__.Itcanbeinferredthatthegold-workersdifferfrom
whitecollarandbluecollarworkersinthatthey
A.weargold-collarworkingclotheswhentheyareonduty.
B.dobetterincombiningtheircontributionsandearning
abilities.
C.grasptheknowledgeandengageinlaborworkaswell.
D.applytheartsknowledgetotechnology.

__.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe
A.___,___TechnologyJobsUnfilled.
B.Gold-workersNeeded.
C.U.S.Economythreatened.
D.SchoolsFailtoTrainGold-workers.

Questions__to__arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Computerprogrammersoftenremarkthatcomputingmachines,
withaperfectlackofdis-crimination,willdoany
foolishthingtheyaretoldtodo.Thereasonforthis
lies,ofcourse,inthenarrowfixationofthecomputing
machines"intelligence"onthedetailsofitsownpercep-
tionsitsinabilitytobeguidedbyanylargecontext.In
apsychologicaldescriptionofthecom-puterintelligence,
threerelatedadjectivescometomind:single-minded,
literalminded,andsimple-minded.Recognizingthis,we
shouldatthesametimerecognizethatthissingle-mind-
edness,literal-mindedness,andsimple-mindednessalso
characterizetheoreticalmathematics,thoughtoalesser
extent.

Sincesciencetriestodealwithreality,eventhemost
precisesciencesnormallyworkwithmoreorless
imperfectlyunderstoodapproximationstowardwhich
scientistsmustmaintainanap-propriateskepticism.Thus,
forinstance,itmaycomeasashocktomathematiciansto
learnthattheSchrodingerequationforthehydrogenatom
isnotaliterallycorrectdescriptionofthisatombut
onlyanapproximationtoasomethatmorecorrectequation
takingaccountofspin,magneticdipole,andrelativistic
effectsandthatthiscorrectedequationisitselfonlyan
imper-fectapproximationtoaninfinitesetofquantum
fieldtheoreticalequations.Physicists,lookingatthe
originalSchrodingerequation,learntosenseinitthe
presenceofmanyinvisibletermsinadditiontothe
differentialtermsvisible,andthissenseinspiresan
entirelyappropriatedisre-gardforthepurelytechnical
featuresoftheequation.Thisveryhealthyskepticismis
foreigntothemathematicalapproach.

Mathematicsmustdealwithwell-definedsituations.Thus,
mathematiciansdependonanintellectualeffortoutsideof
mathematicsforthecrucialspecificationofthe
approximationthatmathematicsistotakeliterally.Give
mathematiciansasituationthatistheleastbitill-
defined,andtheywillmakeitwell-defined,perhaps
appropriately,butperhapsinappropriately.Insomecases,
themathematicians’literal-mindednessmayhave
unfortunateconsequences.Themathematiciansturnthe
scientists;theoreticalassumptions,thatis,their
convenientpointsofanalyticalemphasisintoaxioms,and
thentaketheseaxiomsliterally.Thisbringsthedanger
thattheymayalsopersuadethescientiststotakethese
axiomsliterally.Thequestion,centraltothescientific
investigationbutintenselydisturbinginthemathematical
context-whathappensiftheaxiomsarerelaxed?-is
therebyignored.

Thephysicistrightlydreadspreciseargument,sincean
argumentthatisconvincingonlyifitispreciseloses
allitsforceiftheassumptionsonwhichitisbasedare
slightlychanged,whereasanargumentthatisconvincing
thoughimprecisemaywellbestableundersmallagita-
tionsofitsunderlyingassumptions.

__.Theauthordiscussescomputingmachinesinthefirst
paragraphprimarilyinorderto

A.indicatethedangersinherentinrelyingtoagreat
extentonmachines.
B.illustratehisviewsabouttheapproachof
mathematicianstoproblemsolving.
Cparetheworkofmathematicianswiththatof
computerprogrammers.
D.provideonedefinitionofintelligence.

__.Accordingtothepassage,scientistsareskeptical
towardtheirequationsbecausescientists
A.worktoexplainreal,ratherthantheoreticalor
simplifiedsituations.
B.knowthatwelldefinedproblemsareoftenthemost
difficulttosolve.
C.areunabletoexpresstheirdataintermsofmultiple
variables.
D.areunwillingtorelaxtheaxiomstheyhavedeveloped.

__.Accordingtothepassage,mathematicianspresenta
dangertoscientistsbecause
A.Mathematiciansmayprovidetheoriesthatare
incompatiblewiththosealreadydevel-opedbyscientists.
B.Mathematiciansmaydefinesituationsinawaythatis
incomprehensibletoscientists.
C.Mathematiciansmayconvincescientiststhattheoretical
assumptionsarefacts.
D.scientistsmaycometobelievethataxiomatic
statementsareuntrue.

__.Theauthorsuggeststhattheapproachofphysiciststo
solvingscientificproblemsis
A.practicalforscientificpurposes.
B.detrimentaltoscientificprogress.
C.unimportantinmostsituations.
D.expedient,butoflittlelong-termvalue.

Questions__to__arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
AtanofficeinHampton,Virginia,intheeastofthe
UnitedStates,ateamoftennet-sav-vyworkersscoursthe
webforsexualcontent,frombasicsexeducationtosex
acts.This“quali-tyassurance”teamismakingsurethat
theblockingcomponentofSymantecsNortonInternet
Security____computerprogramremainseffective.Thisis
becausethereiswidespreadparentalconcernabout
blockingwebsiteswithsexualcontentfromchildren.

Websiteblockingisnothingnew-serviceslikeNetNanny
andprogramslikeCyberPatrolandGuardDoghavebeen
aroundforafewyearsnow,protectingchildrenand
reassuringpar-entsthatonlywholesomewebsitesare
accessedbytheyoungsters.NetNannyandCyberPatrol
willpreventaccesstoanyquestionablesiteswhenthe
programisinplace.

NowSymantecsaysithascreatedanewcategoryin
consumersoftwarewithapackagethatcombineswebsite
blockingwitha"firewall,protectingyourcomputerfrom
hackers,snoopersandviruses,aswellaspreventing
inadvertentdisclosureofpersonaldata.

Inshort,NortonInternetSecurity(NIS),astheprogram
iscalled,isdesignedtoserveastheguardianofyour
digitalhealth,keepingthebadthingsoutandtheprivate
thingsin.

TheSymantecprogramcanbeconfiguredinmanyways,-the
websiteblocking,forexam-ple,canbesettobeeither
selectivelypermissiveortotalinitsbanningof
websites,orswitchedoffentirely.Also,Symantecslist
ofno-goareas,whichontheCDnowstandata-round
__,___addressed,isnotconfinedtosexsites.Theteam
inVirginiaisalsoonthelook-outforsitesadvocating
drugs,orwhichcontainreferencestoviolenceor
gambling,andkeepsawatchonchatrooms,e-mail
services,entertainmentportals-evenjobsearchand
financialpa-ges.Thesesitescanbeblockedbythe
program.

Computeruserscanalsorefreshtheaddresslistonline
withtheliveupdatefeaturewhichisusedbyNortonAnti-
Virus(whichisbundledwithNIS)toloadthelatestvirus
definitions.

Thisserviceisfreeforthefirstyearbut,including
virusdefinitionupdates,itcosts$US__ayear
thereafter.

Thesystemisnotperfect,however.Limitedtestingfound
theblockingofsome“question-able”siteswasnot
comprehensive.Tryingtogetaccesstoawell-knownUS
sitesuchasPlay-boyresultsinanimmediateblocking
messagewithastandardinvitationtoreportan
“incorrectlycategorized”site.Bycontrast,youcould
findinothercountriessuchasNewZealandasexsite
whichdeclareditselftobe"dedicatedtoprovidingsexual
material,imaged,andanythingalittlebitunusualfor
sexenthusiastsalloverthecountry".

__.Wecaninferfromparagraph_that
A.thenet-savvyworkersareinterestedinsearchingthe
webforsexualcontent
B.thisqualityassuranceteamhavedifficultyinmaking
surethattheblockingcomponenteffectiveforthe
parentsrequest
C.theparentsallovertheworlddonotwantthesexual
websitestobeblocked
D.theparentsallovertheworldconcernthattheir
childrenwillbeharmedbythesexualwebsites

__.ThefunctionsofNISisNOTto
A.protectcomputersfromvirus
B.protectpersonaldatafrominadvertentlydisclosed
C.protectcomputersfrombeinginvadedbyotherpersons
D.forbidotherpeoplesharingyourpersonaldata

__.WhichisNOTincludedintheSymantecslistofno-go
areas?
A.sexsitesB.gamblingsites
C.violencesitesD.shoppingsites
__.Whichthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothe
passage?
A.Theprogramcannotonlyblocktheharmfulwebsites
computerusersbutalsorefreshtheaddresslist.
B.TheNISprogramisfree,butyoushouldpay$__per
yearforthevirusupdate.
C.Boththeprogramandvirusupdatearefree.
Dputerusersshouldpay$__everyyearthetime
theybegintousetheprogram.

Questions__to__arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Thedeclineofcivilityandgoodmannersmaybeworrying
peoplemorethancrime,accord-ingtoGentilityRecalled,
editedbyDigbyAnderson,whichlamentsthebreakdownof
tradition-alcodesthatonceregulatedsocialconduct.It
criticizesthefactthat“manners”arescornedas
repressiveandoutdated.

Theresult,accordingtoMr.Anderson--directorofthe
SocialAffairsUnit,anindepend-entthink-tank--isa
societycharacterizedbyrudeness:loutishbehavioronthe
streets,jostlingincrowds,impoliteshopassistantsand
bad-tempereddrivers.

Mr.Andersonsaysthecumulativeeffectofthese-
apparentlytrivial,butoftenoffensive-istomake
everydaylifeun在职博士硕士研究生招生,unpredictableandunpleasant.As
theyareencounteredfarmoreoftenthancrime,theycan
causemoreanxietythancrime.

Thebookhascontributionsfrom__academicsin
disciplinesrangingfrommedicinetosoci-ologyandcharts
whatitcallsthe“coarsening”ofBritain.Old-fashioned
termssuchas“gentle-man”and“lady”havelostall
meaningfulresonanceandneedtobere-evaluated,itsays.
Ra-chelTrickett,honoraryfellowandformerprincipalof
St.HughsCollege,Oxford,saysthatthenotionof
a"lady"protectswomenratherthandemeaningthem.

CarolineMoore,thefirstwomanfellowofPeterhouse,
Cambridge,pointsoutthat“gentle-manisnowusedonly
withironyorderision.Thepopularviewofagentlemanis
poisedsome-wherebetweentheimbecileparasiteandthe
villainousone:betweenWoostcresquechinlesswonders,and
thoseheartlesscapitalisttoffswhoare..,thestock-in-
tradeoftelevision.”

Shearguesthattheconceptisneitherclass-boundnor
rigid;conventionsofgentlemanlybehaviorenableamanto
actnaturallyasandindividualwithinsharedassumptions
whiletakinghisplaceinsociety.

ForAnthonyOHear,professorofphilosophyatthe
UniversityofBradford,mannersarecloselyassociated
withthedifferentformsofbehaviorappropriatetoage
andstatus.Theycurbboththeimpetuosityofyouthand
thebitternessofoldage.

Egalitarianism,hesays,hasledtopeoplefailingtoact
theirage.“Wehavevice-chancel-lorswithearrings,
aristocratsashippies..,thetrendyvicaronhis
motorbike.”

DrBruceCharhon,alecturerinpublichealthmedicinein
NewcastleuponTyne,takesis-suewiththeexcessive
informalityofrelationsbetweenprofessionalssuchas
doctorsandbankmanagers,andtheirclients.Hesaysthis
haserodedthedistanceandrespectnecessaryinsuch
relationships.ForTristamEngelhardt,professorof
medicineinHouston,Texas,saysmannersareboundto
morals.

“Mannersexpressaparticularsetofvalues,”hesays.
“Goodmannersinterpretandtransformsocialreality.
Theyprovidesocialorientation.”

__.Accordingtothepassage,thedeclineofgoodmanners
ismoreworryingbecause
A.itleadstomorecrimeinsociety.
B.peopleviewmannersasold-fashioned.
C.rudenessonthestreetcannotbestemmedout.
D.itcanseriouslyaffectourdailylife.

__.RachelTrickettseemstoindicatetheterm“lady”
A.hasacquiredadifferentmeaning.B.istooold-
fashionedtouse.
C.ispreferredbyfeminists.D.victimizeswomenin
society.

__.AccordingtoCarolineMoore,themediahasprojecteda
imageofthegentle-man.
A.humorousB.favorableC.negativeD.traditional

PartB
Directions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthen
giveshortanswerstothefiveques-tions.Writeyour
answersontheANSWERSHEET_.

MostAmericansspendfarmoreoftheirleisuretimewith
themassmediathaninanyotheroccupation.Inaddition,
mostofushear,see,orreadsomeofthemediawhile
engagedinoth-eractivities.Thusanextremelylarge
numberofourwakinghoursarespentwiththemassmedia.
Ofallthemedia,televisionisclearlydominant,with
newspapersaclosesecond,atleastasasourceofnews
andotherinformation.Ourexposuretoallmediais
important,howev-er,becauseallofthemcontribute
materialsfortheconstructionofthatworldinourheads.
Formostpeople,increaseduseofonemediumdoesnot
decreaseuseofanother.Infact,incertaineases,and
especiallyforcertainpurposes,themereoneusesone
medium,themorelikelyoneistouseothers.

Therearevariousfactorsthatcancauseyoutoexpose
yourselftothemediaselectively,a-voidingmuchofthe
materialwithwhichyoudisagree.Someofthatselective
exposureisproba-blyduetothepsychologicalpressure
youfeeltoavoidthediscomfortcausedbyconfrontation
withfactsandideascontrarytoyourbeliefs,attitudes,
orbehavior..However,someselectiveexposureisnotdue
tothepressureforconsistencybuttootherfactors,such
asyourage,edu-cation,andeventheareainwhichyou
liveandthepeoplewithwhomyouassociate.

Quiteadifferentsortoffactorthataffectsyourmedia
experiencesisthesocialcontextofexpo-sure:whether
youarealoneorwithotherswhenyouareexposedtoa
medium;whetheryouareathome,attheoffice,ina
theater,andsoon.Thesecontextsareasmuchasa
potentialpartofthemessageyouwillformasfilmimages
onthescreenorwordsonthepage.Inaddition,that
socialcontextaffects-bothdirectlyandindirectly-the
mediaandthemediacontenttowhichyoubecomeexposed.
Newfriendsorcolleaguesgetyouinterestedindifferent
things.Othermembersofthefamilyoftenselectmedia
contentthatyouwouldnothaveselected,andyoube-come
exposedtoit.

Thesevariousfactorshavesemuchinfluenceonyourmedia
exposurethatsolittleofthatexposureisplanned.

__.Inwhatconditiondopeoplesometimestendtousemore
media.?
__.Whatisthesignificanceofpeoplesexposuretomedia?
__.Whyarenewspapersconsideredasanimportantmedium
accordingtothepassage?
__.Apartfrompersonalpreferences,whatdeterminesones
choiceofthemediaandmediacontent?
__.Whatistheconclusiondrawnfromthepassageabout
thepeoplesexposuretomedia?

SectionⅤTranslation(__points)
Directions:InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.
TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseand
writeyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET_.

(__)Facedwithmoreoverseascommitmentsandfewer
resources,theUSisincreasinglyrelyingonprivate
militarycompaniestodosomeofitsmostdifficult
internationaljobs.

Thesearentthemercenarieswhoparachuteintohotspots,
gunsblazing,forcoldcash.

Buttheyrecontroversialnonetheless.

(__)Overthepast__years,privatemilitarycompanies,
orPMCs,havequietlytakenacentralroleinthe
exportingofsecurity,strategy,andtrainingforforeign
militaries.

Intheprocess,PMCsareraisingquestionsaboutthe
privatizationofforeignpolicy,andwhethera
profitseekingcompanycanbeaccountablewithlimited
governmentoversight.(__)Oftentimesthecompaniesare
trainingarmiesindisorderareasandoncegrantedan
exportlicense,theyareminimallysupervised.

(__)“Theworrytendstohavelesstodowiththepeople
involvedthanithastodowiththepolicyinplace,”
saysDeborahAvant,aGeorgeWashingtonUniversityexpert
whoiswrit-ingabookonPMCs.“Itsatoolforforeign
policyinalesspublicway-andthatisnotagoodthing
inthelongterm.”

Mostrecently,forexample,theStateDepartmentapproved
alicenseforauscompanytohelpbolsterssecurityin
EquatorialGuinea,anAfricancountryofhalfamillion
peoplethatisrunbyamilitarydictatorandhasnous
embassy.

(__)DefendersofthePMCsnotethattheyarestaffed
mostlybyretiredmilitaryofficialsandhaveeasedthe
pressureonUStroops,whichareincreasinglyburdenedby
foreigninterven-tionsandpeacekeepingmissions.

DavidIsenberg,anarms-controlanalystatDynMeridian,a
consultingfirm,says,PMCsareoftenusedinthese
borderlinesituations,whenworkingthroughofficial
channelsiseithertoocumbersomeorpolitically
difficult."Theadministrationlikesitbecauseitavoids
thepros-pectofcreatingafurorifsomethinggoes
wrong."hesays.

SectionⅥWriting(__points)

Directions:Inthissection,youareaskedtowritect
compositionentitledwhatisDochildreninalargefamily
havemoreorfeweradvantagesthanthoseinafamilywith
oneortwochildren?Yourcompositionshouldbebasedon
theoutlinegivenbelow.Youcompositionshouldbeabout
___words.RemembertowriteclearlyontheANSWER

SHEET_.
Outline:
_．你对这一问题的看法
_．你的原因
_．总结全文
模拟试卷(一)答案解析
SectionⅡVocabularyandStructure
__．答案B
注释根据句子结构分析，Whenever引导了一个时间状语从句，所
以主句部分缺少主语和谓语，而A.C．D．三项均不能构成主谓
结构，而B答案正是主语和谓语结构，构成一般现在时。
__．答案A
注释aswell是也的意思，用法相当于too；B项的inadditionto是
“除……外，又”，位置放于名词前；C.together是副词，是
“和……在一起”的意思。
__．答案C
注释“inhonorof”为固定词组，意思是“为纪念……”，本句
的意思是：为纪念美国伟大的运动员而命名。
__．答案B
注释“takeeffect’为固定词组，意思是“见效，生效”。而
takeplace是“发生”的意思，takepossession是“占有，占
领”的意思。
__．答案D
注释“justassoon”是“情隋愿地，宁愿”的意思，由此可以
判断出本题为虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，所以用过去完成
时。
__．答案D
注释ongoodterms为习语，表示“友好地”(friendly)
__．答案C
注释moderate此词有“节制”或“不过分”等意思
(makelessviolentOrextreme)；conduct的意思是“．引导，管
理”，不常与demand搭配；dismiss是“解散”之意；over-
come是“克服”的意思，与demand搭配均不合理。
__．答案)B
注释distinct形容词是“清楚的”、“清晰的”；
bedistinctfrom是“与……不同”之意。而distinguish动
词，与between联用，表示“辨别”、“识别”之意；与from联
用，“把……区别开”的意思。
__．答案C
注释根据原文的语义分析，前后两个分句是转折的关系，只有C项
ontheotherhand是“在另一方面”的意思，为正确答案。
outof
hand是“无法控制，脱手，告终，立即”的意思。
__．答案C
注释attainable是“可得到的”的意思，available也有“能得到
的；可得到的”的意思，但其语境搭配例句为：abedspread
availableinthreecolors．现在有的三种颜色的床罩；
accessible是“可到达的”的意思，能够指到达某个地方，符
合原文语境；obtainable指可以得到某种东西。
__．答案D
注释otherthan的意思是“(不是别人或它物)正是……”，表示
惊讶。本句的理解为：给我打电话的不是别人正是史密斯。
Nonebut
意为“只有”(=notanythingOranyperson)如：
Nonebutthe
agedandthesickstayedathome．“只有老人和病人呆在家
里。”此处用nootherbut或nootherthan都不妥。
__．答案D
注释根据语法分析，本句的主语和谓语已经齐备，所以要选择的
部分应为目的状语，可以排除A项和C项。由于主句的谓语动词
和分词没有时间的先后顺序，所以分词的完成式是不正确的，
要选择不定式作状语。
__．答案A
注释根据语法判断，所要选择的部分应为从句的主语，排除B项和
C项。又由于主句和从句不是因果关系，故排除D，所以正确答
案为A。
__．答案A
注释本句的意思是变形虫太小了，以至于不用显微镜是看不到
的。所使用的是too…to…句型，far在这里是副词，修饰too。
__．答案B
注释muchlike的意思是“十分像”的意思，本句可以译为：油桃
是一种很像桃的水果。
__．答案D
注释根据语法判断，这里应该是一个主语从句，因为istrue是主
句的系表结构，主语是一个句子dinosaursweredyingout。
由于that引导主语从句，所正确答案为B。
__．答案A
注释根据强调句型的规则，强调入时要用“his…who…”结构，
因而B、D均可排除。A和C的区别在于用“我”的宾格和主格之
分。根据短语bet。blame的结构，动词be前是主语，因此必须
用代词的主格，应选择A。
__．答案B
注释该题测试了两方面的内容，一是考查了see后接ing分词表示
动作的正在进行，二是考查了被动语态的用法。根据句子的意
思以及第二句后半句threemenclimbingdown的提示，可以很
快判断出应选择ing分词形式，C项和D项显然是错误的，A和B的
区别在于一个是主动态，一个是被动态，see的宾语
aropeladder不可能自己扔出来，必须用被动形式，所以B是
正确答案。
__．答案B
注释此句为非限定性定语从句，应选择which作关系词，B被排除
在外；A的句子排列不合语法规则，也可不予考虑；C项中的
which在关系分句中作主语，符合规则；D项中it是多余成分，
所以C为正确答案。
__．答案A
注释A项采用的是“neednthavedone”形式，表示“盛装打
扮”这一动作已经完成但没有必要，B项用的是“mustnthave
done’的形式，表示该动作不应该发生，C项用的是“didnt
needtodosth．”的结构，表示“我们”不必也没有“盛装打
扮”，D项则是现在不该做的事之意。根据题干的语义和结构，
聚会是过去发生的事，“盛装打扮”也是过去已经完成的动
作。而turn
out一词的作用暗示了结果的始料未及，因此正确答案无疑是A。SectionⅢCloze
__．答案C
注释此题为词语辨析题。connection意为“Tobecomejoined
orunited”，中文释意为：“连接，与……相连”，而且从此句的
动宾搭配可以看出是“make…with”，只有connection有这种
搭配；touch是指人与人，人与事或事与事之间的“触摸，接
触”，其英文解释为：
“Thestateofbeingincontactor
communication”，其固定搭配有：“intouchwith”(同……有联
系)、“keepintouchwith”(和……保持联系)；
relationship一
般指人与人之间的“关系”；contact是指“出于交流而进行的接
触”，固定词组有“havecontactwith”(接触到，和……有联
系)。综合以上分析，再结合上下文，通过发射信号与外星的生
物产生联系，所以在上下文中contact最为合适。
__．答案B
注释此题为词语变异类题目。此处上下文的意思是：由于无线电
天文望远镜发明以来，与外星人交流的梦想就可能实现。
A.imagination的意思是：“Anunrealistici-
deaornotion；a
fancy”(空想，幻想不现实的想法或观念；幻想)；由于上下文指出
这是可以实现的，所以此处的确切含义是“梦想”，而不是
“幻想”；B．dream这里是引申义，意思是：
“Aconditionor
achievementthatislongedfor；anaspiration”(梦想渴望的
状态或成就)，符合文义，为正确答案；C．nishtmare是“梦
魇，噩梦”的意思，与原文的意思正反；D．fancy为
“imagination”的近义词，意为：
“ThementMfacultythrouShwhichwhims，visions，
andfantasiesaresummonedup；imagination，
especiallyOf
awhimsicalorfantasticnature．”(想像力心智机能，能产生想
法、幻想、想像；想像，尤指有异想天开或空想的特性的)，与
上下文不符。
__．答案A
注释此题考察固定搭配。梦想变为现实，英语中的搭配是
“come
true”，而不用“comepossible”，尽管possible有“可能的意
思”。如果要表示有可能性这个含义，可以用“make…
possible”。
__．答案A
注释此题为词语辨析类题目。此处上下文的意思是：我们发射了
很多科学探测仪器，用来发射信号和接受从遥远星球发出的信
号。从语法判断，or引导了两个并列结构，我们可知此题要选
择一个receive的反义词。A.send是
“Totransmitamessage
ormessages”(传送信息传送一条或几条信息)的意思，专指传送信
号，为正确答案；B．post作动词时的意思是：“张贴，揭示，
邮递，布置”，而没有发射信号的意思；C.deliver在作“传
递”讲时的确切含义是：
“Tobringortransponlotheproperplace
orrecipient；distribute”(递送带到或运送到适当的地方或接受
者；分送)，常用的语境是送货；D．release的意思是：“释
放，解放，放弃，免除，发表”，与“发射”的含义较远，这
个词常用的语境是：从监狱中释放出来。
__.答案B
注释此题为考察连词用法的语法类题目。根据上下文，此处原文
的含义是：用任何语言发送信号都是不实际的，因为这绝不明
智。所以此处需要选择一个表示弱因果关系的连词，这就是
as。此题最大的干扰项就是therefore。这也是一个表示因果的
连词，但考生需注意使用这个词的逻辑关系是：此词的前面是
因，后面是果，译成中文是“因此”意思；而as是前果后因。
所以根据上下文，as应为正确答案。
__．答案C
注释此题为词汇辨析题。此处文意为：科学家认为以简单的数学
形式发射的信号可能会易懂。人kind表示种类，其确切含义
为：“Agroupofindividualslinkedbytraitsheldincommon．”

(同种，同类因具有共同的特性而联系在一起的个体的集合)，而不
是表示形式；B．type的意思是
“Anumberofpeopleorthings
havingincommontraitsorcharacteristicsthatdistinguish

themasagrouporclass．”(类型一定数量的人或事物，具有把
他们与一个集体或种类区分开的共同特征或特点)，也是表种
类，而非形式；C.form的意思是：
“Themodeinwhichathing
exists，acts，ormanifestsitself；”(形式，种类某物存在、
运作、显现的方式)，例如：aformofanimallife(动物的生
活方式)；aformofblackmail(恐吓的方式)。符合上下文，为
正确答案；D．category的含义是：“Aspe-
cificallydefined
divisioninasystemofclassification；aclass．”(种类在某
一分类系统中特别定义的部分；类别)，也是表类别，而非形
式。
__．答案B
注释本题为词语辨析题。文意并不难理解，是居住在我们这个星
球上的人的意思。A.settling是“Toestablishones
residence：定居建立某人的住处”的意思，既可以作及物动词，又
可以作不及物动词使用，其用法是：
settledherfamilyinOhio
(她家定居俄亥俄)；settledinCanada(定居加拿大)，可见与居住
在星球上，在语义上有些差别；B.inhabiting的含义是：“居
住于，存在于，占据，栖息”，可以作及物和不及物动词使
用，所以为正确答案；C．existing是“存在”的意思，与文意
相距甚远；D．establishing是“建立”的意思，与上下文的意
思不符。
__．答案B
注释词语辨析题。此题的干扰项设计的特点为：干扰项与答案拼
写比较相似。原文此处的含义可以判断为：各种各样的农作
物。A.vicious是形容词，词义为：“恶的，不道德的，恶意
的，刻毒的，堕落的，品性不端的，有错误的”，不可能用来
形容作物；B．various形容词，意思是：“不同的，各种各样
的，多方面的，多样的”，为正确答案；C．vary是动词，词义
为：“改变，变更，使多样化”；D．vision是名词，含义为：
“视力，视觉，先见之明，眼力，想像力，幻想，幻影，景
象”。

__．答案B
注释此题为词语辨析题。首先通过语法判断，可知这个动词的主
语是picture，又由于这句话是个被动语态，可知实际上
picture是这个动词的宾语。再观察答案，同时结合全文，可初
步判断这个动词的含义为传输图片信息。A.transformed的意思
是“转换，改变，改造，使……变形”，与原文的意思有所差
距；B．transmitted的含义是“传输，转送，传达，传导，发
射，遗传，传播”，专门用于信号的传输这一语境；C.trans-
ferred的意思为：“转移，调转，调任，传递，转让，改
变”，一个特定语境就是银行转账；D．transplanted的意思是：
“移植，移种”，与原文意思相差较远。
__．答案C
注释此题为考察固定搭配的题目。acquaintsb．withsth．为
固定词组，意为“使某人熟悉某事”。
SectionⅣReadingComprehension
PartA
__．答案D
注释本题的设计旨在考察考生对第一段细节的理解。第一段最后
一句指出：缺少合格的工人posesahugethreat(极大的威胁
着)美国的经济，这正是D项妨碍美国经济发展的意思，所以该
项为正确答案。A答案错在，原文第一句话指出：
Despiteacoolingofthe
economy(尽管经济形式不好)，高科技企业依然需要工人，这是一个
转折关系，而不是缺少熟练工人使经济不好，这是一个因果关
系。B项的内容没有提及。C项错在文章并没有说未满的工作职
位的重要性，更谈不上强调。
__．答案A
注释考生可利用排除法解题。根据A答案中的关键词
workforce
classification，可以把相关信息定位到第二段倒数第一句：
Alesstangiblebutequallypowerfulcauseis，…(一个
不太明显但影响同样重要的原因)是劳动力划分方法，再回读前
文寻找另一个原因：
Yetaninadequateandoutmodededucmionsystemis
onlypartoftheproblem(然而，陈旧的教育体制只是一部分原
因)，由此可以推断出划分方法和教育体制是同等重要的两个原
因，所以A为正确答案。B错在第二段第一句话中
separatedfrom
theneedsofthebusinesswodd是表语从句的过去分词，其逻辑主
语是educationsystem，也就是说，是教育体制脱离了商业的
需要，而不是二十一世纪的工作，此答案偷换了主语。C答案的
错误是同样的，原文是说教育体制是部分原因，而不是白领工
人是教育体制的问题。D项并未提及。
__.答案C
注释l文章第三段都在论述金领工人与白领工人和蓝领工人的区
别。考生需要在阅读全段的基础上作答。A答案的内容并未提
及。根据B答案的关键词contribu-tions和
earningabilities，考生可在第三段中部找到相关信息，原文
指出：这些金领工人namedfor(他们对公司和经济所做的贡献
和他们个人的工资收人能力，被冠以“金领”工人的名号)，而
不是说他们更擅长于把贡献和收入更好的结合起来，所以B为错
误答案。根据本段第三句话和第四句话：金领工人结合了白领
的头脑和蓝领的手艺，把坚实的数理知识应用于技术中，可以
推断出金领工人就是既懂得知识，又能用知识劳动的人，正是C
答案的内容。D答案错在原文讲到金领工人是应用mathemat-
icsandscience，而不是arts。
__．答案B
注释本文首段的第一句话就提出了文章的主题：极其需要金领工
人。第二段论述了缺少的原因，第三段讲述了和传统的白领和
蓝领工人相比，金领工人的独特特点，最后一段论述了造成金
领工人数量发展缓慢的原因，可见B为正确答案。A、C、D均为
文章的细节，而非主题。
__．答案B
注释此题是细节题。原文第_段第_句第_句指出：用心理学的词语
来描述计算机的智力，使人想起三个相关的形容词：单一心理
的，确切心理的以及单纯心理的
(Inapsychologicaldescription
Ofthecomputerintelligence，threerelateda由
ectivescome
tomind：single-minded，literal-mindedandsimple-minded)。认
识到这一点的同时也应承认这种单一、确切、单纯的心理状态
也是理论数学的特征，虽然在较低程度上是这样
(Recognizingthiswe
shouldatthesametimerecognizethatthissingle-
mindedness，literal-mindednessandsimple-
mindednessalso
characterizestheoreticalmathematics，
thoughtoalesser
extent)。
__．答案A
注释此题是细节题型。原文第二段第一句指出：既然科学要探讨
现实，甚至最精确的科学通常也是以多少尚未完全理解的近似
性来进行工作。因而对于这种近似性，科学家必须保持适当的
怀疑态度(sincesciencetriestodealwithreality，
eventhemost
precisesciencesnormallyworkwithmoreorless
imperfecdyunderstoodapproxima—tionstowardwhich
scientistsmustmaintainanappropriateskepticism)。由此可
知，科学家对于科学方程式抱怀疑态度因为科学家的工作是解
释现实的情况而不是理论的或简化的情况
(scientistsareskeptical
towardtheirequationsbecausescientistsworktoex—
plainrealratherthantheoreticalorsimplifled，
situations)。因此A是正确答案。
__.答案C
注释此题是细节题型。原文第三段_-_句指出：数学家把科学家提
出的理论假设(Themathematiciansturnthescientists’
theoreticalassumptions)，即适合一时情况需要而分析强调的论
点(thatis，theirconvenientpointsofanalyticalemphasis)，
转变成公理(intoaxioms)，然后照字面来理解这些公理把它看成事
实(andthentaketheseaxi-omsliterally)。这就带来危险
(Thisbringsthedanger)，数学家也可能说服科学家也照字
面来对待公理
(theymayalsopersuadethescientiststotake
theseaxiomsliterally)。于是忽视了这样一个对科学研究来说是
主要的，而在数学领域内则是极其扰乱人心的问题——假如公
理不严格，怎么办(Thequestion，
centraltothescientific
investigationbutintenselydisturbinginthemathematical
context-whathappensiftheaxiomsarerelax-ed?-is
therebyignored)?由此可知，数学家给科学家带来一种危险，原因
是数学家可能说服科学家相信。理论假设就是事实
(mathematicianspresentadangertoscientistsforthe
reasonthatmathematiciansmayconvincescientiststhat
theoreticalassumptionsarefacts)。因此C是正确答案。
__．答案A
注释此题是推断题。原文第_段_-_句指出：物理学家看到有独创
性的薛定锷方程式，从中学习领悟到除了独特的可见关系以
外，还有许多看不见的关系(Physi-cists，
lookingattheoriginal
Schrodingerequation，
learntosenseinitthepresenceof
manyinvisibletermsinadditiontothedifferentialterms
visible)。这种领悟激发一种对方程式纯技术特点可以忽略不计的
完全合适的态度
(andthissenseinspiresanentirelyappro—
pilatedisregardforthepurelytechnicalfeaturesofthe
equation)。这种非常健康的怀疑态度对于数学方法是陌生的
(This
vcryhealthyskepticismisforeigntothe
mathematicalapproach)。由此可以推论：作者暗示(suggests)，物
理学家解决科学问题所采用的方法是切合科学目标实际的方法
(the
approachofphysiciststosolvingscientitlcproblemsis
practicalforscientificpurposes)。因此A是正确答案。

__．答案D
注释本题为细节题。文章第一段提到“This‘quality
assurance’teamismakingsurethattheblockingcomponent
ofSymantecseffective．Thisisbecausethereis
widespreadparentalconcernaboutblockingwebsiteswith
sexualcontentfromchildren．”(质量保证小组正在努力确保赛
门铁克公司的计算机程序有效工作，因为世界各地的父母都关
心色情网站的封锁，以保护孩子们免受毒害)。B项错在
havedifficuhy
in，文章并没有提到这样的困难。
__．答案D
注释通观整篇文章，其中提到“诺顿网络安全特警”既能防止无
意中泄漏个人信息，又能保护计算机免受黑客、偷窥者和病毒
侵袭，但并没有提到禁止其他人共享你的个人资料。
__．答案D
注释此题考察的是文章第五段的列举句。这段提到，赛门铁克在
光盘上提供的“禁入区”名单已列出____个网址，内容不限于
色情网站，还包括暴力、赌博等，但并不包括购物网站。
__．答案A
注释文章中提到，计算机用户不仅可以使用NIS程序，还能利用和
它捆绑在一起的“即时更新”功能随时在线刷新“禁入区”名
单，这些服务第一年是免费的以后每年付__．__美元。
__．答案D
注释此题为综合判断题。人们对于礼貌水平下降感到格外担忧的
原因，可以在第二、第三段中找到。第二段说：
“Theresult…is
asocietycharacterizedbyrudeness：lout-
ishbehaviorOn
thestreets，jostlingincrowds，
impoliteshopassistants
andbad-tempereddrivers”(结果是：整个社会被粗鲁的举止所充
斥，例如大街上粗鲁的行为，在人群中冲闯，不礼貌的售货员
和坏脾气的司机等)，第三段说：
“thecumulativeeffectofthese…
istomakeeverydaylifeun在职博士硕士研究生招生，unpredictableand
unpleasant．Astheyareencounteredfarmoreoftenthan
crime，theycancausemoreanxietythancrime”(由于人们每
天会遇到这样的不愉快事情，而且出现频率比犯罪还高)。所以
对于礼貌下降的担心来源于它影响到每个人的生活。
__．答案A
注释在第四段中，文章先谈到了“lady”失去了以往带有温柔、
令人尊敬的意味，已变得含有弱者的概念，对其概念应重新审
视。于是RachelTrickett认为“thenotionofa‘lady’
protectswomen
ratherthandemeaningthem”(女士的含义应该是保护女性的，而
不是用来侮辱她们的)也就是说，RachelTrickett认为
“lady’已经有了一个新的意思。因此，A更符合她的意思。
__．答案C
注释CarolineMoore对gentleman的看法是人们现在是带着讽刺和
嘲弄的口吻谈论gentleman的。在第五段中，她说：
“Thepopular
viewofagentlemanispoisedsomewherebetweenthe
imbecileparasiteandthevillainousone．”(电视中的绅士形
象已经和低能的寄生虫与坏人结合起来了)。在一大堆的贬义
词，就是当今电视对于gentleman的普遍描绘。所以，他认为电
视中gentleman的形象是反面的。
PartB
__.Whenoneusesonmediumfrequently,hemayusemore
media.
__.Mansexposuretomediacontributematerialsforthe
hisvalueandoutlookoflife.
__.Newspapercontainsthesourceofnewsandinformation.
__.Socialcontextofexposure
__.Theexposurecannotbepredictedandarranged.
SectionVTranslation
短文大意：本文主要介绍在武装部队缩减的时代，美国转而求助于
私营公司履行军事外援工作。这些公司不是那种外国雇佣军，
为了冰冷的金钱而空降到热点地区。但是，他们仍然引起了人
们的争议：与此同时，私营军事公司也引出了一些有关对外政
策私营化问题的争论，以及一个营利的公司在政府监督有限的
情况下做事是否会负责任的问题。这类公司经常到动乱地区训
练部队：德博拉·阿旺是乔治·华盛顿大学的一位专家，正在
写一本有关私营军事公司的书。他说：“这是对外政策中一种
不大公开的手段——长此以往不是件好事。”
__．这个句子是一个简单句。“Facedwithmoreoverseas
commitments．．．”是过去分词短语做伴随状语，主句的主干是：
“theUSisrelyingonprivatemilitarycompanies”，不
定式短语作目的状语。参考译文：面对日益增多的海外义务和
逐渐减少的资源，美国正越来越多地依靠私营军事公司来完成
某些最困难的国际任务。
__．这个句子也是一个简单句。其句子主干是：“private
militarycompanieshavetakenacentralrole”，介词短语作宾

语补足语，“orPMCs”是同位语成分，“PMCs”是
“privatemilitarycompanies”的缩写。参考译文：在过去的__年
里，私营军事公司(简称PMC)在输出安全、战略及训练外军等工
作中悄悄地扮演着主要角色。
__．此句是一个由and引导的并列句。前半个分句是现在进行时的简
单句，后半个分句是once引导的状语从句。参考译文：这类公
司经常是到动乱地区训练部队，而一旦获得出口许可，他们就
很少受到监督了。
__．此句为一个直接引语。考生首先要注意的是按照中国人的说话
习惯，把说话人放于句首。其次，引语是一个比较句。
“less”又表达出否定的语气。参考译文：德博拉·阿旺是乔治华盛顿大学的一位专家，正在写一本有关私营军事公司的书。
他说：“这种担忧与其说是与参与此类活动的人有关，倒不如
说更与此项政策是否合适有关。”
__．此句为一个复合句。由一个宾语从句和一个非限定性定语从句
组成。主语是“De-fendersofthePMCs”，谓语是
“note”，宾语是由and引导的两个并列成分
“theyarestaffedmostlyby
retiredmilitaryofficials”和“haveeasedthepressureon
UStroop”，后接一个非限定性定语从句，which指代and的并列成
分，也就是宾语从句的内容。参考译文：私营军事公司为自己
辩解说，公司里的职员大部分是退役军官，他们可以减轻美国
部队因介入外国事务和维和任务而肩负的越来越沉重的压力。
SectionⅥWriting
参考范文
SamplePassage
Thechildreninalargefamilyhavemoreadvantagesthan
thoseinasmallfamily.Myo-pinionisbasedonthe
followingreasons.

First,itisobviousthatthechildreninalargefamily
canbebroughtupbetterthanthoseinafamilywithonly
oneortwochildren.Everyoneneedsthecareofothers,
especiallywhenheisyoung.Ifhehassomebrothersor
sisters,hewillgetmorecarefromthefamilymembers.

Forexample,ifhemeetswithsomedifficulty,hiselder
brothersorsisterscanalwayslendhimahand.Ifheis
theonlychildinthefamily,hecannotgetthebenefit.
Second,thechildreninabigfamilyareusuallymore
cooperativewithothersoutsidethefamilycircle.The
childreninabigfamilycanalwayslearnsomethingfrom
theelder.Theyoungercanhavechancestoplaynotonly
withtheirelderbrotherandsistersbutalsowiththe
friendsoftheirelders’.Asaresultacooperative
spiritsproutsintheirminds.Incontrast,thechildren
inasmallfamilyoftenplayalone.Asaresulttheyare
alwaysunsociableanduncooperativewiththepeople
outsidethefamily.

Asitissaidabove,thechildreninalargefamilyreally
getmorebenefitsthanthoseinasmallfamily.SectionⅡVocabularyandStructure(__points)

Directions:Thereare__incompletesentencesinthis
section.Foreachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarked
A,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletes
thesentence.Thenblackenthecorrespondingletteronthe
ANSWERSHEET_withapen-cil.

__.Johnsaysthathispresentjobdoesnotprovidehim
withenough______forhisorganizingability.

A.rangeB.scopeC.spaceD.capacity

__.Becauseofthedraught,thegroundquickly_______the
littlerainthatfelllastnight.

A.absorbedB.soakedC.digestedD.drained

__.Theextentoftheharmfuleffectofweedsonanimals
dependsonthesoil_____theplantsgrow.

A.inwhichB.whichC.whichinD.in

__.Thiswasconductedtofindouthowmanypeopleprefer
butter.

A.examinationB.inspectC.surveyD.analysis

_____relativelycostly,theengineishighlyefficient
andneedsservicinginfrequently.

A.ItisB.EvenC.EventhoughD.Thereis

__.Theunpleasanttasteinhismouthforhours.

A.restedB.prolongedC.lingeredD.waited

__.Hishealthfailing,_____in____.

A.SoJohnsonwentonleavefromarmy
B.thearmygaveJohnsonleave
C.Johnsonwentonleavefromthearmy
D.whenthearmygaveJohnsonleave

__.Ifyouputtoomanypotatoesinthatbag,itwill

A.separateB.crackC.burstD.collapse

__.ThereispressureontheAmericangovernmenttothe
numberofimmigrantsper-mittedtosettleintheU.S.

A.limitB.refrainC.confineD.decrease

__.Thecitysuffereddamageasaresultoftheearthquake.

A.consideredB.considerateC.considerableD.considering

__.Theaccusationlefthimquitewithrage.

A.quietB.silentC.muteD.speechless

__.Twoofthechildrenhavetosleepinonebed,butthe
otherthreehaveones.

A.similarB.singularC.differentD.separate

__.Topicsforcompositionshouldbetotheexperiences
andinterestsofthestudents.

A.concernedB.dependentC.connectingD.relevant

__.Hethinksaboutnothingbutplayingchess.Hes
completelytoit.

A.addictedB.ascribedC.temptedD.overcome

__.Theideaoftravelingthroughspacetootherplanets
interestsmanypeopletoday.

A.aB.theC./D.one

__.Whenyouhavefinishedwiththatvideotape,dont
forgettoputitinmydrawer,_____？

A.doyouB.willyouC.dontyouD.wontyou

__.Thegovernmentistryingtodosomethingtobetter
understandingbetweenthetwocountries.

A.raise__.promoteC.heightenD.increase

__.Thelittlemanwasonemeterfiftyhigh.

A.almostmorethanB.hardlymorethan
C.nearlymorethanD.asmuchas

__.You___herinherofficelastFriday:shesbeenoutof
townfortwoweeks.

A.neednthaveseenB.musthaveseen
C.mighthaveseenD.canthaveseen

_____youarefamiliarwiththeauthorsideas,try
readingallthesectionsasquicklyasyoupossiblycan.

A.NowthatB.EversinceC.SothatD.Aslongas

SectionⅢCloze(_points)

Directions:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowing
passage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.
ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWER
SHEET_.

Anarrowingofyourworkinterestsisimpliedalmostany
transitionfromastudyenvironmenttomanagerialor
professionalwork.Inthehumanitiesandsocialsciences
youwillatbestreuseonlyafractionofthematerial__
inthreeorfouryearsstudy.Inmostcareerpaths
academicknowledgeonlyformsabackgroundtomuchmore__
decision-making.Evenwitha“training”formofdegree,
onlyafewoftheproceduresormethodsencounteredin
yourstudiesare__tobecontinuouslyrelevantinyour
work.Partlythisreflectsthegreaterspecializationof
mostworktaskscomparedwithstudying.Manygraduatesare
notcontentwiththelossofvarietyinvolved__
transferringfromdegreestud}inatleastfourorfive
subjectsayeartoverystandardizedjobdemands.Academic
workvaluesindividualinventiveness,originality,andthe
cultivationofadifferent“style”asanindexofself-
realizationandself-development.Emphasisisplacedon__
newideasandknowledge,assemblingadequateinformation
tomakearationaldecision,appreciatingbasic__and
theories,andgettinginvolvedinfundamental
controversiesanddebates.Thehumanisticvaluesofhigher
educationencouragesthefeelingofbeingengagedina
processwithaself-developmentalrhythm.__evenifyour
employerspursueenlightenedpersonneldevelopment
politicsandinvestheavilyin“humancapital”－－for
example,byrotatinggraduatetraineesto__theirwork
experiences–youareStilllikelytonoticeandfeel__
aboutsomemajorrestrictionsofyour__andactivities
comparedwithastudyenvironment.

__.A.coveringB.coveredC.beingcoveredD.having
covered

__.A.appliedB.tobeappliedC.applyingD.tobe
appliedto

__.A.definitelyB.agreeableC.reliableD.likely

__.A.inB.onC.ofD.about

__.A.absorbingB.toabsorbC.generatingD.togenerate

__.A.believesB.conceptsC.religionsD.thiths

__.A.BycontrastB.ThatisC.ThereforeD.Meanwhile

__.A.improveB.introduceC.varyD.gain

__.A.strangeB.ashamedC.funnyD.sorry

__.A.hobbiesB.interestsC.subjectsD.concerns

SectionⅣReadingComprehension(__points)

PartA
Directions:Thereare_passagesinthispart.Each
passageisfollowedbysomequestionsorun-finished
statements.Foreachofthemthereareforchoicesmarked
A,B,C,andD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceand
blackenthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET_
withapencil.

Questions__to__arebasedonthefoUowingpassage:

Formostofthe____s,CEOsatoldeconomycompanies
struggledtoturnslow-movingorganizationsintonimbler,
moreflexibleoutfits.Truthis,realtransformationsare
theexceptionratherthantherule.Changingthecore
values,theattitudes,andthefundamentalrelationships
ofavastorganizationisoverwhelminglydifficult.Thats
whyanarmyofacademicsandconsult-antshelditupasa
paragonofmanagementvirtueinthelate____s.Enron
seemedtohavetransformeditselffromastodgyutilityto
afast-movingenterprise.

Ifonlythatweretrue.Manyofthesameacademicsarenow
busystudyingtheculturalandleadershiplessonsfrom
Enron.Theirconclusionsofar:Enrondidntfailjust
becauseofimproperaccountingorcorruptionatthetop.
Italsofailedbecauseofitsentrepreneurialculture-the
veryreasonEnronattractedsomuchacclaim.Theemphasis
onearningsgrowthandindividualinitiative,together
withanabsenceoftheusualcorporatebalances,shifted
theculturefromonethatrewardedaggressivestrategyto
onethatincreasinglyreliedonunethicalcheating.This
wasacompanythatsimplyplacedalotofbadbetson
businessesthatwerentsopromisingtobeginwith.

JeffreyK.SkillingassumedEnronCEOinearly____.His
recipeforchangingthecompa-nywasrightoutoftheNew
EconomyPlaybook.Layersofmanagementwerecanceled.

Hundredsofoutsiderswererecruitedandencouragedto
bringnewthinkingtoatradition-boundbusiness.The
companyabolishedseniority-basedsalariesandoffered
hugecashbonusesandstocktotopperformers.Young
people,manyjustoutofundergraduateorMBAprograms,
werehandedextraordinaryauthority,abletomake$_
milliondecisionswithouthigherapproval.

“InlargercompanieslikeIBM,eventhoughthereisa
movementtowardyouth,therearestillenougholderpeople
aroundtomentorthem,”saysJamesOToole,professorat
theCenterforEffectiveOrganizationsattheUniversity
ofSouthernCalifornia.“AtEnron,youhadabunchof
kidsrunningloosewithoutadultsupervision.”

__.Fromthefirstparagraph,welearnthatinthe____s
A.CEOstriedtochangethefunctionofoldcompanies.
B.Mostofthelargecompaniesunderwentsomerealchanges.
C.Enronbecametheexampleofnewefficientmanagement.
D.therulestotransformtheoldcompaniesare
exceptional.

__.Enronwouldnotfailifthecompany
A.madefulluseofindividualinventiveness.
B.paidtopperformersmoremoneyandbonus.
C.rewardedaggressivestrategy.
D.reliedonabsenceofcooperatebalance.

__.ProfessorO’TooleusetheexampleofIMBtoarguethat
A."looseandtight"theoryistootheoreticaltoputinto
use.
B.theentrepreneurialcultureofIBMworshipstight
supervision.
C.theyoungstaffinEnronshouldbegoverned.
D.oldstaffinEnronareinchaoscomparedwithIBM.

__.Fromthetext,wecanseethattowardsthemanagement
ofEnron,thewriterseems
A.positive.B.negative.C.indifferent.D.sensitive.

Questions__to__arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

“Iwanttocriticizethesocialsystem,andtoshowitat
work,atitsmostintense.”VirginiaWoolf’sprovocative
statementaboutherintentionsinwritingMrs.Dalloway
hasregularlybeenignoredbythecritics,sinceit
highlightsanaspectofherliteraryinterestsvery
differentfromthetraditionalpictureofthe“poetic”
novelistconcernedwithexaminingstatesofreverieand
visionandwithfollowingtheintricatepathwaysof
individualconsciousness.ButVirginiaWoolfwasa
realisticaswellasapoeticnovelist,asatiristand
socialcriticaswellasavisionary:literarycritics
cavalierdismissalofWoolfssocialvisionwillnot
withstandscrutiny.

Inhernovels,Woolfisdeeplyengagedbythequestionsof
howindividualsareshaped(ordeformed)bytheirsocial
environments,howhistoricalforcesimpingeonpeoples
lives,howclass,wealth,andgenderhelptodetermine
peoplesfates.Mostofhernovelsarerootedina
realisticallyrenderedsocialsettingandinaprecise
historicaltime.

Woolfsfocusonsocietyhasnotbeengenerallyrecognized
becauseofherintenseantipathytopropagandainart.The
picturesofreformersinhernovelsareusuallysatiricor
sharplycritical.EvenwhenWoolfisfundamentally
sympathetictotheircauses,sheportrayspeopleanxious
toreformtheirsocietyandpossessedofamessageor
programasarrogantordishonest,unawareofhowtheir
politicalideasservetheirownpsychologicalneeds.(Her
WritersDiarynotes:“theonlyhonestpeoplearethe
artists.“whereas”thesesocialreformersand
philanthropists”...,harbor...,discreditabledesires
underthedisguiseoflovingtheirkind...Woolfdetested
whatshecalled“preaching”infiction,too,and
criticizednovelistD.H.Lawrence(amongothers)for
workingbythismethod.

Woolfsownsocialcriticismisexpressedinthelanguage
ofobservationratherthanindirectcommentary,sincefor
her,fictionisacontemplative,notanactiveart.She
describesphenomenaandprovidesmaterialsforajudgement
aboutsocietyandsocialissues:itisthereaderswork
toputtheobservationstogetherandunderstandthe
coherentpointofviewbehindthem.Asamoralist,Woolf
worksbyindirection,subtlyunderminingofficially
acceptedmores,mocking,suggesting,callingintoquestion,
ratherthanasserting,advocating,bearingwitness:hersis
thesatiristsart.

Woolfsliterarymodelswereacutesocialobserverslike
ChekhovandChaucer.AssheputitinTheCommon
Reader,"Itissafetosaythatnotasinglelawhasbeen
framedoronestonesetuponanotherbecauseofanything
Chaucersaidorwrote;andyet,aswereadhim,weare
absorbingmoralityateverypore."LikeChaucer,Woolf
chosetounderstandaswellastojudge,toknowher
societyrootandbranch-adecisioncrucialinorderto
produceartratherthanpolemic.

__.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriate
titleforthepassage?

A.VirginiaWoolf:CriticandCommentatorontheTwentieth-
CenturyNovel
B.TrendsinContemporaryReformMovementsasaKeyto
UnderstandingVirginiaWoolfsNovels
C.SocietyasAllegoryfortheIndividualintheNovelsof
VirginiaWoolf
D.VirginiaWoolfsNovels:CriticalReflectionsonthe
IndividualandonSociety

__.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatWoolfchose
Chaucerasaliterarymodelbecauseshebelievedthat
A.ChaucerwasthefirstEnglishauthortofocuson
societyasawholeaswellasonindividualcharacters
B.Chaucerwasanhonestandforthrightauthor,whereas
novelistslikeD.H.Lawrencedidnotsincerelywishto
changesociety
C.Chaucerwasmoreconcernedwithunderstandinghis
societythanwithcallingitsacceptedmoresintoquestion
D.Chaucerswritingwasgreatly,ifsubtly,effectivein
influencingthemoralattitudesofhisreaders

__.Theauthorimpliesthatamajorelementofthe
satiristsartisthesatirists
A.consistentadherencetoapositionofloftydisdain
whenviewingthefoiblesofhumanity
B.insistenceonthehelplessnessofindividualsagainst
thesocialforcesthatseektodetermineanindividuals
fate
C.cynicaldisbeliefthatvisionariescaneitherenlighten
orimprovetheirsocieties
D.refusaltoindulgeinpolemicwhenpresentingsocial
morestoreadersfortheirscrutiny

__.Thepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringwhich
ofthefollowingquestions?
A.Haveliterarycriticsignoredthesocialcriticism
inherentintheworksofChekhovandChaucer?
B.DoestileauthorbelievethatWoolfissolelyan
introspectiveandvisionarynovelist?
C.WhatarethesocialcauseswithwhichWoolfshows
herselftobesympatheticinherwritings?
D.WasD.H.LawrenceasconcernedasWoolfwaswith
creatingrealisticsettingsforhisnovels_

Questions__to__arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
ThebiggestproblemfacingChileasitpromotesitselfas
atouristdestinationtobereckonedwith,isthatitis
attheendoftheearth.Itistoofarsouthtobea
convenientstoponthewaytoanywhereelseandismuch
fartherthanarelativelycheaphalf-daysflightaway
fromthebigtouristmarkets,unlikeMexico,forexample.

Chile,therefore,ishavingtofighthardtoattract
tourists,toconvincetravelersthatitisworthcoming
halfwayroundtheworldtovisit.Butitissucceeding,
notonlyinexistingmar-ketsliketheUSAandWestern
Europebutinnewterritories,inparticulartheFarEast.
Mar-ketsclosertohome,however,arenotbeingforgotten.
Morethan__%ofvisitorstoChilestillcomefromits
nearestneighbor,Argentina,wherethecostoflivingis
muchhigher.

Chilesgreatstrengthasatouristdestinationisits
geographicaldiversity.ThetrumpcardistheAndes
mountainrange.Thereareanumberofexcellentski
resortswithinonehoursdriveofthecapital,Santiago,
andthenationalparksinthesoutharehometorare
animalandplantspecies.

However,infrastructuredevelopmentintheseareasis
limited.Theskiresortsdonothaveasmanyliftsas
theirEuropeancounterpartsandthepoorqualityofroads
inthesouthmeansthatonlythemostdeterminedtravelers
seethebestofthenationalparks.

AirlinksbetweenChileandtherestoftheworldare,at
present,relativelypoor.WhileChilestwolargest
airlineshaveextensivenetworkswithinSouthAmerica,
theyoperateonlyaSmallnumberofroutestotheUnited
StatesandEurope,whileservicestoAsiaarealmost
nonexistent.

Internaltransportlinksarebeingimprovedandluxury
hotelsarebeingbuiltinoneofitsnationalparks.Nor
isdevelopmentbeingrestrictedtotheAndes.Easter
IslandandChilesAntarcticTerritoryarealsoonthe
listofareaswheretheGovernmentbelievesitcancreate
touristmarkets.

Buttherushtoopenhithertoinaccessibleareastomass
tourismisnotbeingwelcomedbyeveryone.Indigenousand
environmentalgroups,includingGreenpeace,saythatmany
partsoftheAndeswillsufferiftheybecomeover-
developed.ThereisagenuinefearthatareasofChile
willsuffertheculturaldestructionwitnessedinMexico
andEuropeanresorts.

ThepolicyofopeningupAntarcticatotourismisalso
politicallysensitive.Chilealreadyhaspermanent
settlementsontheiceandmanypeopleseethedecisionto
allowtouriststhereasapoliticalmove,enhancing
SantiagosterritorialclaimoverpartofAntarctica.

TheChileanGovernmenthaspromisedtorespectthe
environmentasitseekstobringtourismtotheseareas.
Butthereareimmensecommercialpressurestoexploitthe
countrystourismpotential.TheGovernmentwillhaveto
monitordevelopmentscloselyifitisgenuinelyconcerned
increatingabalanced,controlledindustryandifthe
priceofanincreasinglylucrativetouristmarketisnot
goingtomeanthelossofmanyofChilesnaturalriches.

__.Chileisdisadvantagedinthepromotionofitstourism
by
A.geographicallocation.B.guerrillawarfare.
C.politicalinstability.D.streetcrime.

__.Accordingtotheauthor,Chilesgreatestattractionis
A.theunspoihbeaches.B.thedryandhotdesert.
C.thefamousmountainrange.D.thehighstandardof
services.

__.Accordingtothepassage,inwhichareaimprovementis
alreadyunderway?
A.Facilitiesintheskiresorts.B.Domestictransport
system.
C.AirservicestoAsia.D.Roadnetworkinthesouth.

__.TheobjectiontothedevelopmentofChilestourism
mightbeallexceptthatit
A.isambitiousandunrealistic.B.ispolitically
sensitive.
C.willbringharmtoculture.D.willcausepollutionin
thearea.

Questions__to__arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Whyshouldanyonebuythelatestvolumeintheever-
expandingDictionaryofNationalBiography?Idonotmean
thatitisbad,asthereviewerswillagree.Butitwill
costyou__pounds.Andhaveyougottherestofvolumes?
Youneedthebasic__plusthelargelydecennial
supplementstobringthetotalto__.Ofcourse,itwill
beanswered,publicandacademiclibrarieswillwantthe
newvolume.Afterall,itadds_,___livesofpeoplewho
escapedthenetoftheoriginalcompilers.Yetin__
yearstimearevisedversionofthewholevolumes,called
theNewDictionaryofNationalBiography,willbe
published.Itseditor,ProfessorColinMatthew,tellsme
thathewillhaveroomforabout__,___lives,some__,___
morethaninthecurrentDNB.Thisratherputsthe_,___
inMissingPersonsintheshade.

WhenDr.NichollswrotetoTheSpectatorin____asking
fornamesofpeoplewhomreadershadlookedupintheDNB
andhadbeendisappointednottofind,shesaysthatshe
receivedsome___,___suggestions.(Well,shehadwritten
to"otherqualitynewspapers"too.)Assoonasher
committeehadreducedthenumbersdown,theprofessional
problemsofaneditorbegan.Contributorsdidntfilecopy
ontime;somewhodidsenttoomuch:__,___wordsin-stead
of___isarecord,accordingtoDr.Nicholls.

Thereremainsthedinner-partygameofwhosin,whos
out.Thatisagamethatthere-viewershaveplayedand
willcontinuetoplay.Criminalsweremyinitialworry.
Afterall,theoriginaleditionoftheDNBboasted:Male
factorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinteresthave
receivedhardlylessattentionthanbenefactors.Mr.John
Grossclearlyhadsimilaranxieties,forhecomplainsthat,
whilethemurdererChristieisin,Crippenisout.One
mightsayinreplythattheinjusticeofthehangingof
EvansinsteadofChristiewasaforceintherepealof
capitalpunishmentinBritain,asLudovieKennedy(the
authorofChristiesentryinMissingPersons)notes.But
thenCrippenwasreputedasthefirstmurderertobe
caughtbytelegraphy(hehadtriedtoescapebyshipto
America).

ItissurprisingtofindMaxMillerexcludedwhenreally
notverymemorablenamesgetin.

Therehasbeenaconsciousefforttoputinartistsand
architectsfromtheMiddleAges.Abouttheirlivesnot
muchisalwaysknown.OfHugo,a__th-centuryilluminator
whosedatesofbirthanddeatharenotrecorded,his
biographercomments:"WhetherornotHugowasawall-paint-
er,therecordsofhisactivitiesascarverandmanuscript
painterattesttohisversatility".ThenSerehadtobe
morewomen,too(__percent,againsttheoriginalDNBs
_%),suchasRoyStrongssubject,theTudorpainter
LevinaTeerlinc,ofwhomheremarks:“Hermostcharacter-
isticfeatureisaheadattachedtoatoosmall,spindly
body.Hertechniqueremainedawkward,thinandoften
cursory”.

__.Thewritersuggeststhatthereisnosenseinbuying
thelatestvolume~
A.becauseitisnotworththeprice
B.becauseithasfewerentriesthanbefore
C.unlessonehasallthevolumesinhiscollection
D.unlessanexpandedDNBwillcomeoutshortly

__.OntheissueofwhoshouldbeincludedintheDNB,the
writerseemstosuggestthat
A.theeditorshadclearrulestofollow
B.thereweretoomanycriminalsintheentries
C.theeditorsclearlyfavoredbenefactors
D.theeditorswereirrationalintheirchoices

__.CrippenwasabsentfromtheDNB
A.becauseheescapedtotheU.S.
B.becausedeathsentencehadbeenabolished
C.forreasonsnotclarified
D.becauseoftheeditorsmistake

PartB
Directions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthen
giveshortanswerstothefiveques-tions.Writeyour
answersontheANSWERSHEET_.
Agrowingworldspopulationandthediscoveriesof
sciencemayalterthispatternofdistri-butioninthe
future.Asmenslowlylearntomasterdisease,control
floods,preventfamines,andstopwars,fewerpeopledie
everyyear;andinconsequencethepopulationoftheworld
issteadilyincreasing.

Whennumbersrise,theextramouthsmustbefed.Newlands
mustbeboughtunderculti-vation,orlandalreadyfanned
madetoyieldlargercrops.Insomeareastheaccessible
landislargelysointensivelycultivatedthatitwillbe
difficulttomakeitprovidemorefood.Insomeareasthe
populationissodensethatthelandisparceledoutin
unitstootinytoallowformuchimprovementinfarming
methods.Werealargeofthisfanningpopulationdrawnoff
intoindus-trialoccupations,thelandmightbefanned
muchmoreproductivelybymodemmethods.

Thereisnowaraceforscience,technology,andindustry
tokeeptheoutputoffoodrisingfasterthanthenumber
ofpeopletobefed.Newstrainsofcropsarebeing
developedwhichwillthriveinunfavorableclimates:there
arenowfarmsbeyondtheArcticCircleinSiberiaand
NorthAmerica;irrigationanddry-fanningmethodsbring
aridlandsundertheplough,damsholdbackthewatersof
greatriverstoensurewaterforthefieldsinallseasons
andtoprovidee-lectricpowerfornewindustries;
industrialchemicalstodestroylocustsandmanyplant
disea-ses.Everyyearsomenewmeansisdevisedto
increaseortoprotectthefoodoftheworld.

__.Whyistheworldspopulationgrowing?
__.Onwhatconditionmightthelandbemoreproductively
fanned?
__.Howhasitbeenmadepossiblethattherearenowfarms
beyondtheArcticCircle?
__.Whatdoestheword“strains”(Line_,Para._)mean?
__.Whatdoesthepassagefocuson?

SectionVTranslation(__points)
Directions:InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.
TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseand
writeyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET_.

(__)Itsnotfornothingthatscientistsareinsucha
footracetogetthehumangenesmapped.Theresmorethan
justknowledgeatstake,afteralltheresmoney.Who
walksawaywithmostofthebootywontbedecidedinlabs
oruniversities,however,butincourtsandpa-tent
offices.

(__)Thoughdecodingtheentirehumangeneticprintis
stillafewyearsaway,scientistshavebegunlayingclaim
tothestretchesofDNAwhosecodestheyhavesucceededin
splitting.Inrecentyearsresearchershavefloodedthe
U.S.PatentandTrademarkOfficewithapplica-tionsfor
thousandsofgenesandgenefragments-andtheyhave
stirredalotofcontroversyintheprocess.

(__)Thebiggestproblemwithpatentinggenesisthat
whilescientistshaveatleastagen-eralideaofwhat
specificstrandsofgeneticcodingdo,oftenitsjust
that-general.Investigatorsdosometimessucceedin
isolatingasingle,crispgenewithasingleknown
function.Often,however,researcherstryingtomapgenes
getnofurtherthanmarkingofffragmentarystretchesof
DNAthatmaybethousandsofbasesinlength.(__)These
so-calledexpressedsequencetagsmayhaverealgenetic
informationembeddedinthem,butdeterminingwherethose
unitsareandwhattheirstructureistakesmoredigging.

(__)Geneticistshavelatelybeenfilingpatent
applicationsfortheseESTsanyway,figuringthatits
besttoprotecttheirrewardnowandgodeeperaroundin
itlater.Inasciencethatpri-zesprecisionaboveall
else,thiscanbeanoddwaytodobusiness.“Iwould
guessthatinmanycasesthescientistsdidnteven
examineallthematerial,”saysBruceLehman,commis-
sionerofthePatentandTrademarkOffice.

SectionⅥWriting(__points)
Directions:Inthissection,youareaskedtowritea
compositionentitledwhatisAreHigherGradestheBest
ProofofaPersonsAbility?Yourcompositionshouldbe
basedontheoutlinegivenbelow.Youcompositionshould
beabout___words.Remembertowriteclearlyonthe
ANSWERSHEET_.

Outline:
_.你对这一问题的看法
_.你的原因
_.总结全文
模拟试卷(二)答案解析
SectionⅡVocabularyandStructure

__.答案D
注释capacityfor为一个固定词组,意思是“……的能力”；而
scope一词与range是同义词,和of搭配,非常容易混淆。它们都可以
表示“范围”。scope强调理解力、观点或应用等所不能越出的界
限；space所指多是时空方面扩展的范围；range强调行动或活动,如
视力或机器等所能覆盖的距离或范围。比较:Sometechnical
termsareout-sidethescopeofthisdictionary.某些技术术
语没有列入本词典。Thecarwasontofmyrangeofvision。我
看不见那辆车。Thetreescoveredacresofspace.树林覆盖着若
干英亩土地。

__答案A
注释absorb一词意为“吸收”(takein),而drain的意思是“排
泄”或“汲出”等于drawoffslowly,soak和digest意思上讲不
通。

__.答案A
注释根据语法分析,soil是定语从句的先行词,还原回从句后,应为
theplantsgrowinthesoil,所以soil作介词in的宾语,把介词提
前后,A为正确答案。

__.答案C
注释survey一词与examination和inspection可同义,都表示“查
看”,但survey强调全面的、一般性的考察,examination强调仔细认
真(closeorcarefullook),而inspection则强调正式(formalor
officialexamination)。

__.答案)C
注释eventhough引导了一个让步状语分句,省去“engineis”,
其他选项Itis和Thereis意思上讲不通,而even则不能引导句子。

__.答案C
注释linger一词表示“经久不退”(beslowtopassawayOr
disappear)。似乎也可选prolonged,但它只能表示“延长”,比如条
约到期后的继续生效,道路的加长等,它的实际含义是makelonger。
其他的选项都不合适。

__.答案C
注释Hishealthfailing是独立主格结构,只能作状语,这里缺少
的句子,符合此条件的有B和C项,而逻辑上一致的只能是C。A、D项都
为从句,故不可选。

__.答案C
注释burst一词与crack均可表示“裂”,但burst常指猛地裂开,如
车胎的爆裂；而crack则常指裂而不开,如玻璃出现裂纹,separate意
为“分离”、“分开”,collapse意为“倒塌”,用在此处意思上都
讲不通。

__.答案A
注释)limit一词与confine和restrain,可以同义。limit是“确定
限度”(setalimitto)；confine和restrain是“限制”(keep
withinlimits)。

__.答案C
注释这四个词的词干是consider,A项considered是consider的过
去分词,此处用作形容词。表示“havebeenconsidered’即“考
虑过的”,“经过深思熟虑的”；B项con-siderate中的后缀一ate有
“充满……的”,“显示……的”之意,considerate即
“showingconsiderationfor”——“考虑周到的”,“体贴的”；
C项中一able是“能……的”、“可……的”,considerable有“可
以考虑””‘值得考虑”之意,引申为“相当大(多)的”；D项是现
在分词形式,也可看做介词或连词,意为“考虑到……”。根据题干
的句意,C项是最恰当的选择。由此可见,如果不知选择项的题意,可
以通过词形分析推测它们的含义。

__.答案D
注释粗一看这几个词意思非常接近,都有“安静…‘无声”之意,
但quiet是表示相对安静,但并不一定是沉默无声,silent表示不说话
或不弄出声。而mute也可以表示不做声,还有一时说不出话之
意,speechless则特指因强烈的感情、震惊等而说不出话,显然D最符
合题意,是正确答案。__.答案D
注释A项是“相似的”,B项意为“单数的”,C是“不同的”,D表示
“单独的”、“各自的”,因全句的意思是“有两个孩子不得不睡在
同一张床上,但其他三个孩子都有各自的床。”因此只有D符合逻
辑。

__.答案D
注释根据该句的意思,应选择含有“相关”、“相连”之意的词,B
显然不合逻辑。A项的concerned意为“有关的”,但必须用于名词之
后,C项connecting是“相连的”意思,尤指空间上的连接,D项的
relevant也是“有关的”之意,且后面必须接to,因此是正确答案。

__.答案A
注释解这道题就可采用搭配判断和逻辑推理两种方法。首先根据
对空格前后词的观察,D项overcome不能与to连用,可以排除。再根据
句意推断出必须选择有“沉湎于”之意的词,因而答案是A。

__.答案C
注释此例考的是冠词的习惯用法,space作“空间”、“太空”之
意时,前面不用冠词,所以C为正确答案。

__,答案B
注释根据附加疑问句前否定后肯定的规则,A或B为可选答案。A在
形式上是对等的,但意义上不恰当,而B是请求或要求别人,与句中的
祈使语气相应,所以选择B。

__.答案B
注释_个选项中,promote常与understanding连用,意为“增进,促
进”,因此答案是B)。全句的意思是:“政府正在努力采取措施以促
进两国之间的进一步了解。”raise有“提高,增大”之意,heighten
也有“增加,加强”之意,但一般均不与understanding搭配。
increase虽可与understanding搭配,意为“增进了解”,但不可与
better同时使用。

__.答案B
注释此题题句有一个很重要的解题信息“little”,指人身材矮
小,有否定的含义。而_个题项中,只有B中的hardly有否定的含
义,hardlymorethan意为“不足”,从否定角度描述人的身高,符合
句子意义上的逻辑关系。因此答案是B。而almostmorethan和
nearlymorethan意思相同,均为“几乎超过”,有肯定的含义。As
muchas意为“多达”,用以表示数量。全句的意思是:“这个矮个子
身高不足米。”

__.答案D
注释此题的_个选项均为“情态动词+不定式完成式”的结构,表示
说话人对过去发生动作的主观判断,从语法角度没有提供解题信息。
从句意考虑,neednthaveseen有“不必看见,其实已经看见”的含
义,mighthaveseen意为“也许看见过”,musthaveseen表示“一
定看见过”,显然和原句冒号后面的“她去外地已经两个星期了”相
矛盾。答案应该是D.canthaveseen。Canthavedone用于推测
过去的动作一定没有发生,符合句意。全句的意思是:“上星期五你
不可能在办公室见到她,她去外地已经两个星期了。”

__.答案A
注释从句子结构看,缺少一个连接词。而选项中所提供的都是连接
词,因此无法从语法结构上来判断。从句子的意思上看,空格内应填
入一个表示因果关系的连接词。B.eversince(自……以来)引导时
间状语从句:C.sothat(以便于,以至于)引导目的或结果状语从句,
且不放于句首；D.aslongas(只有)表示条件,均不符合要求。
A.Nowthat(既然)引导原因状语从句,符合句意,故是答案。

SectionⅢCloze
__.答案B
注释通读文章后,可知本文主要讲述工作使人减少兴趣爱好。此句
是指从事人文、社会科学,至多用上你在大学三、四年学习中学过的
一小部分。此题为考察分词用法的语法类题目。分词的逻辑主语是
material,它与分词之间是被动的关系。而且主要谓语动词与分词之
间没有完成进行的关系,所以进行时与完成时是不正确的。

__.答案A
注释本题是一个逻辑推断题。这句话的主干是说学术知识只是为
做出决断提供背景知识,所以相较学术知识而言,decision-making的
特点应该是实用性的。考生只要找到academic的间接反义词apply
(应用,实用)即可。由于这里是过去分词作定语,故A.applied为正确
答案。

__.答案D
注释此题是一个逻辑推理的题目,考察考生能否推断出这句话的语
气。其意思是:学校里的知识只有一小部分可能与工作相吻合。这里
是一个不确定的推断语气。A.definitely是“确定,一定”的意思,
与句意相反；B.agreeable是“使人愉快的,惬意的,适合的”的意
思,与句意不符；C.reliable是“可靠的,可信赖的”的意思,与句意
相差甚远；D._ikely“可能”,符合原文。

__.答案A
注释此句是指:很多毕业生不满足从一年至少学四五门学位课程到
变为固定化的工作要求。此题为考察介词用法的语法类题目。
Involvein是固定词组,是“连累,包含”的含义。

__.答案C
注释此题考查关于ideasandknowledge的搭配。absorb是“吸
收,吸引”的意思,可以knowledge搭配,但一般不与idea形成动宾搭
配,而且,也不符和上下文的意思。generate是“产生”的意思,可以
与ideasandknowledge两者搭配,这里用其动名词作on的宾语,故C
为正确答案。

__.答案B
注释在这句话中的appreciate是“重视,赏识认识到……的质量、
显著性或重要性”的意思,也就是说,要认识到基础理论和概念的重
要性。由这里的and并列结构可以推断出答案应为theory的同义词或
近义词,A.believes“信仰”,与句义不符；C.reli-gions“宗教”
和D.faiths“信仰”都不符合句义。即使考生不知道正确答案,这里
人believes,C.religions和D.faiths三项词义相近,就都可以排除。

__.答案A
注释bycontrast“相比之下”,B.thatis“那就是说”,C.
therefore“因此”,D.mean—while“同时”。本句表达的意思与上
文相左,故应选择A；其它词均不符合逻辑。

__.答案C
注释雇主可以交替使用参加培训者,使他们具有多种工作经历。
A.improve“改进”,B.introduce“介绍”和D.gain“获得”。根
据上下文,显然应选择C。

__.答案D
注释从上下文判断,应为对所受到的约束感到遗憾,而不是奇怪
(strange)；惭愧(ashamed)或者滑稽(funny)。故应选择D。

__.答案B
注释做此题时,可参考本文一句话,“Anarrowingofyourwork
interestsisimpliedal-mostanytransitionfromastudy
environmenttomanagerialorprofessionalwork”这里用的就
是“interest”,最后一句话的意思是:你可能对于对自己兴趣的限
制感到遗憾,所以B是正确的答案。

SectionⅣReadingComprehension

PartA
__.答案C
注释此题是对第一段有关细节的综合理解。考生可采用排除法来
解题。文章开头第一句话指出:旧经济公司的首席执行官们都在努力
完成从运作缓慢的公司向敏捷、富有弹性的公司的转型,而A答案却
认为这些首席执行官们在改变公司的功能。所谓功能是指效能；与
原文的由慢变快的管理的改变在语义上是不同的,所以A是错误的。
原文第二句指出Truthis,realtransformationsarethe
exceptionratherthantherule,直译的意思是:真正的转型是例
外,而不是普遍的规则,也就是真正实现转型的只是少数的意思,而B
答案与文义正反,D答案是对这句话的不正确语法分析。第一段结尾
处指出:这就是__年代未大批学者和顾问把安然推崇为管理理念模范
的原因,也就是说安然已经成为心管理模式的代表,这与C项完全相
符。

__.答案C
注释原文第二段指出:安然的失败并不仅仅因为做假账和所谓的高
层腐败,还应归咎于它的企业文化。那么,安然如果不失败,按照推理
就应该是与目前的企业文化相反的情况。公司现在的企业文化是:
“一直强调收益增长和个人主动性”,A答案正是这个意思,所以错
误。“缺乏通常的公司制衡机制”.D答案也是如此。文章第三段又
指出对于表现好的员工给与很多奖金,以此来调动员工的积极性,所
以C项也是错误的。由于原文第二段在谈到企业文化是讲到:使企业
文化从推崇进攻性战略转变为日益依赖不道德的投机取巧,由此可以
引申出如果公司战略不转变的话,那么公司也就不会失败,所以继续
推崇进攻性战略是褒义的,因此C是正确答案。

__.答案C
注释文章第三段列举了IBM的例子,前后语境是:前文讲到安然的很
多刚刚毕业的本科或研究生被授予高度权威,他们可以做出涉及___
万美元的决定而无需上级批准。而IBM的例子却是公司的资深职员给
年轻人提供指导,与安然正反,可见这个例子是用来说明安然的年轻
人需要加强约束,正是C项的内容。后文提到在理论上,安然是有严格
的监督的,然后作者又驳斥这种理论到:“然而,在安然,公司环境是
滋生舞弊的温床”。可见,IBM的例子不是在说明其监管有多么紧张,
而是在对比安然的在实际上有多么的松弛,所以B项是错误的,而A和D
两项的内容并未提及,所以C是正确答案。

__.答案B
注释本文的结构是一个转折。文章先论述安然以其快捷的速度似
乎成为业界的楷模,接下来,作者驳斥安然管理的弊端以及其造成的
恶果。由此可见,作者对其是持否定态度的。

__.答案D
注释此题是主题题。原文第_段头两句指出:“Iwantto
criticizethesocialsystem,andtoshowitatwork,atits
mostintense(我想批判当前的社会制度,并且表明它是怎样以其最
强烈的方式运转的)”。这是弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫在谈到她写作《》的创作意图“herintentions”时发表的挑战性声明
“provocativestatement”。原文第_段头两句指出:伍尔夫在小说
中深入考虑的问题是“isdeeplyengagedbytheques-tions
of”；个人是怎样由社会环境形成的或变形的“shapedor
deformed”；历史的力量是怎样冲击(impingeon)人们的生活的；
阶级、财富、性别是怎样决定人们的命运的。她的小说多数扎根
(arerooted)于现实主义地表达的社会环境中(ina
realisticallyren—deredsocialsetting)以及特定的(precise)
历史时代中。由此可知,本文最恰当的标题(themostappropriate
title)是:“VirginiaWoolfsNovels:CriticalReflectionson
theIndi—vidualsandonSociety”(弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的小说:
对个人和社会的批判性的深思)。

__.答案D
注释本题是推断题。原文指出:正如她在《》一书中所说
的:“可以这样说,并不因为乔叟说了写了什么而制定一条法律或者
树起一块纪念碑；但是当读他的书时,我们在字里行间到处汲取着道
德的教诲”(Weareabsorbingmoralityateverypore)。由此可
以推论；伍尔夫选择乔叟作为文学典范(choseChaucerasa
literarymodel),因为她认为乔叟的作品对读者道德观的影响是非常
有效的,虽然这种影响是潜移默化的(Chaucerswritingwas
greatly,ifsubtly,effectiveininfluencingthemoralatti-
tudesofhisreaders)。这是选择项D的内容,因此D是正确答案。

__.答案D
注释本题是推断题。原文第_段最后一句指出:作为一个道德家,伍
尔夫用旁敲侧击的方式来进行工作(workedbyindirection),巧妙
地摧毁官方接受的道德观念(subtlyunderminingofficially
acceptedmorals),对此进行讥讽、暗示、置疑而不是断言、主张、
作证。(mocking,suggesting,callingintoquestion,rather
thanasserting,advocatingbearingwitness)。她的作品是讽刺家
的艺术(thesatiristsart)。原文第_段最后一句指出:伍尔夫像
乔叟那样采取既评价又理解的态度来认识社会的根和枝(Like
Chau—cer,Woolfchosetounderstandaswellastojudge,to
knowhersocietyrootandbranch)。这种抉择是产生艺术而不是
产生论战文章的关键(adecisioncrucialinordertopro—
duceartratherthanpolemic)。由此可知,作者暗示:讽刺家艺术
的主要因素在于讽刺家在向读者提出社会道德问题让读者仔细思考
的同时,拒绝沉湎于对道德问题的论战。(Theauthorimplies
thatamajorelementofthesatiristsartisthe
satiristsrefusaltoindulgeinpolemicwhenpresenting
socialmorestoreadersfortheirscrutiny.)因此D是正确答
案。

__.答案B
注释此题是主题题目。原文指出这个挑战性声明(the
provocativestatement)突出了(highlights)她那文学兴趣的一个
方面,这跟把她描绘成关心考察人物的梦幻状态以及追随个体意识错
综复杂流向的“诗人”小说家的传统形象大不相同(very
differentfromthetraditionalpictureofthe"poetic"
novelistconcernedwithexaminingstatesofrev-erieand
visionandwithfollowingtheintricatepathwaysof
individualconsciousness)。然而弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫不但是一个
诗人小说家,而且也是一个现实主义作家；不但是一个幻想家,而且
也是一个讽刺作家和社会批评家(asatiristandsocialcritic
aswellasavisionary)。由此可知,文章提供的信息可以回答以下
的问题:作者是否认为伍尔夫只是一位沉湎于内省、富于幻想的小说
家?“DoestheauthorbelievethatWoolfissolelyan
introspectiveandvisionarynovelist?”答案当然是否定的。因
此B是正确答案。

__.答案A
注释本题为细节题目,询问智利在发展旅游业方面的劣势。在第一
段说得很清楚,“Itistoofarsouthtobeaconvenientstop
onthewaytoanywhereelseandismuchfartherthana
relativelycheaphalf-daysflightawayfromthebig
touristmarkets”(它位于地球的极南端,不利于旅游者顺便拜访。
旅游者必须专程到来,花费较大)。所以,它的地理位置是它发展旅游
业最大的问题。

__.答案C
注释此题为细节题。智利有许多好玩的地方,但是说到最吸引人的
地方,作者在第三段开头用了这样的词语:“Butthetrumpcard
istheAndesmountainrange”(王牌是安第斯山脉),所以可见作
者认为最好玩的地方是C(安第斯山脉)。

__.答案B
注释此题为综合题,询问在哪里已开始进行改进工作。第四段告诉
我们,“skire-sortsdonothaveasmanyliftsastheir
Europeancounterpartsandthepoorqualityofroadsinthe
south”,A(滑雪胜地的设施)以及D(南方的公路系统)还很糟糕,其基
础建设还很有限。第五段里的“servicestoAsiaarealmost
non-existent’使我们知道C也不正确。第六段第一句“Internal
transportlinksarebeingimprovedandluxuryhotelsare
be-ingbuiltinoneofitsnationalparks”告诉我们国内交通
正在得到改善。

__.答案A
注释此题为综合题。文章的最后几段谈到了各种反对发展智利旅
游业的理由。B(政治上敏感)能在倒数第二段中找到。C(会使土著文
化受损)和D(造成环境污染)在倒数第三段里有相关证据。利用排除
法,A(其旅游开发计划是雄心勃勃和不切实际的)应是正确答案。

__.答案C
注释作者认为没必要购买最新一册DNB是因为整套书有__本,只买
一本没有意义。他问:“Andhaveyougottherestof
volumes?Youneedthebasic__plusthelargelydecennial
supplementstobringthetotalto__”(你得到其他的书了吗?
你需要基本的__本,再加上十年一度的增刊,一共__本)。A项错在:作
者并没有涉及DNB是否那样物无所值；B显然与事实不符；D的内容也
没有提到。

__.答案D
注释此题为综合判断题。整篇文章除了介绍编撰DNB的过程外,表
明了作者对于人物选择上的不同看法。第二、第三段中,许多例子说
明所选人物是不妥当的,所作的选择是非理性的。A的内容与文意相
反；B和C项只是文章的表面现象,各自都是作者提到编者选人的缺陷
之一,不够全面；只有D项真正表达出作者的意图。

__.答案C
注释此题为细节题目。本题询问Cripen没有人选DNB的原因。A项
所陈述的是事实,但这不是他没入选的原因；B和D的内容,文章中没
有提到；而且在这一段中,作者并没有澄清原因。

PartB
__.Becausepeoplearelivinglonger.
__.Iftheunitsoflandweremademuchlarger.
__.Byproducingnewstrainsofcrops.
__.Types.
__.Foodproduction.

SectionⅤTranslation

短文大意:这是一篇科普文章,探讨到底谁拥有人类基因谱的专利。
这不是由在实验室或大学里所能决定的,而是要在法庭上和专利局里
决定。在最近几年里,研究人员已带着对成千上万的基因和基因片段
的申请涌到美国专利商标署,在这个过程中他们引起了不少争议。但
不管怎样,基因学家们近来一直在申请专利,以利于今后的在此领域
中的探索研究。

__.此句是一个双重否定句。关键在于考生对“Itsnotfor
nothingthat...”的理解,其含义为:“不是没有目的的”。参考译
文:科学家们以竞走的速度来绘制人类基因组简图不是没有目的的。

__.这是英语中的长句。其句子主干是:“scientistshavebegun
layingclaimtothestretchesofDNA”,though引导了一个让步
状语从句,whose又引导了一个定语从句,其先行词是:DNA。而且由于
此句已经较长,建议把定语拆开,成汉语的一个分句。参考译文:尽管
离破译整个人类基因蓝图还有几年时间,科学家们已开始对脱氧核糖
核酸(DNA)片段提出专利要求,这些DNA的已被他们成功地破译
了。

__.这是表语从句,其难点是表语是一个由while引导的时间状语从
句,其主句部分是逗号后面的句子。另外,“指代的是strandsof
geneticcoding。参考译文为:申请基因专利的最大问题就是:尽管
科学家们对于基因编码的特定部分的功能有一个大体理解,然而这种
了解也仅是笼统的。

__.这是由but引导的转折关系的两个并列句。第一个分句中
embeddedin是过去分词短语,其逻辑主语是information,而them指代
的是tag；第二个分句的主干是:determining...takesmore
digging。参考译文:这些所谓的已表达的序列标签可能携带有真正
的基因信息,但确定这些小块在什么地方及它们的结构是什么样子需
要更多的挖掘探究。

__.此句话的结构比较简单,只是用figurring这个现代分词短语作状
语,然后figure后面是一个从句,注意从句中的讧指代基因谱。参考
译文:不管怎样,基因学家们近来一直在为已表达的序列标签(ESTs)
申请专利,认为现在最好把他们的成果保护起来,以后再对其进行深
入探索。

SectionⅥWriting

参考范文

AreHigherGradestheBestProofofaPersonsAbility?
Gradesareveryimportantformoststudents.Theywillnot
getjobswithoutgoodmarks.

Higher-gradestudentsareconsideredaswinnerswhile
lower-gradeonesarelookedonaslos-ers.However,inmy
opinion,highergradesarenottheproofofapersons
ability.

Inourlifeweoftenfindsuchkindofphenomenon:some
studentsmaybetopstudentsatschool,buttheyareata
lossastohowtodealwithapracticalmatter.Some
studentsarewelltrainedinexamtechniquesratherthan
welleducated.Theycangethighermarksthanothers,yet
theycanhardlyadaptthemselvestosociallife.

Fromwhatissaidabove,wecanseegradesarenotthe
onlymeasureofapersonsability.

Herearesomeotherstandardssuggestedtoevaluatea
personstrueability:Amanofabilityloveshiscourse
andthinksforhimself.Amanofabilitycanadapthimself
bettertohisfuturelifeandgetmoreresponsibilities
andproducegreatersocialvalue.

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